Module 1
Introduction to IoT  

1.1 Briefing of IIoT and Usage

• Overview of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
• Applications in various industries (manufacturing, healthcare, transportation)
• Benefits and challenges of IIoT adoption

1.2 Architecture

• Typical IoT architecture: sensors, connectivity, data processing, user interface
• Key components: devices, gateways, cloud services, and end-user applications

1.3 Framework/Platforms

• Common IoT platforms and frameworks (AWS IoT, Google Cloud IoT, Microsoft Azure IoT)
• Comparative analysis of features and use cases

1.4 Attack Surfaces

• Identifying potential vulnerabilities in IoT ecosystems
• Examples of common attack vectors (device vulnerabilities, network vulnerabilities, application vulnerabilities)

1.5 OWASP IoT Top 10 Vulnerabilities

• Detailed explanation of the OWASP IoT Top 10 vulnerabilities
• Real-world examples and case studies for each vulnerability

Module 2
MQTT

2.1 Introduction

• Overview of MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)
• Use cases and importance in IoT communication

2.2 Protocol Details

• MQTT architecture and communication model
• Key components: clients, brokers, topics, and messages

2.3 Recon and Enumeration of Topics

• Techniques for discovering MQTT topics
• Tools and methodologies for topic enumeration

2.4 DOS Attack

• Understanding Denial of Service attacks on MQTT
• Methods and tools for conducting DOS attacks

Module 3
CoAP 

3.1 Introduction

• Overview of CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)
• Use cases and importance in IoT communication

3.2 Protocol Details

• CoAP architecture and communication model
• Key components: clients, servers, resources, and messages

3.3 Recon and Enumeration

• Techniques for discovering CoAP resources
• Tools and methodologies for resource enumeration

3.4 CoAP Proxy Attacks

• Understanding CoAP proxy vulnerabilities
• Methods and tools for conducting proxy attacks

Module 4
Zigbee (802.15.4)

4.1 Introduction and Protocol Overview

• Overview of Zigbee protocol and its importance in IoT
• Zigbee network architecture and key components

4.2 Reconnaissance

• Techniques for discovering Zigbee networks and devices
• Tools and methodologies for network reconnaissance

4.3 Sniffing and Eavesdropping

• Methods for capturing Zigbee communication
• Tools for sniffing and analyzing Zigbee traffic

4.4 Replay Attacks

• Understanding replay attacks on Zigbee networks
• Methods and tools for conducting replay attacks

4.5 Packet Forging Attack

• Techniques for creating and injecting malicious Zigbee packets
• Tools and methodologies for packet forging

4.6 Jamming Attacks

• Understanding jamming attacks on Zigbee networks
• Methods and tools for conducting jamming attacks

4.7 Dissociation Attacks

• Techniques for disconnecting devices from Zigbee networks
• Tools and methodologies for dissociation attacks

Module 5
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 

5.1 Introduction and Protocol Overview

• Overview of BLE and its importance in IoT
• BLE architecture and key components

5.2 Reconnaissance (Active and Passive) with HCI Tools

• Techniques for discovering BLE devices
• Tools and methodologies for active and passive reconnaissance

5.3 GATT Service Enumeration

• Understanding the Generic Attribute (GATT) profile
• Techniques for enumerating GATT services and characteristics

5.4 Sniffing GATT Protocol Communication

• Methods for capturing BLE GATT communication
• Tools for sniffing and analyzing GATT traffic

5.5 Reversing GATT Protocol Communication

• Techniques for reverse engineering GATT communication
• Tools and methodologies for reversing GATT protocols

5.6 Read and Writing on GATT Protocol

• Understanding read and write operations in GATT
• Methods and tools for performing read and write attacks

5.7 Cracking Encryption

• Techniques for breaking BLE encryption
• Tools and methodologies for cracking BLE encryption

Module 6
LoRa

6.1 Introduction and Protocol Overview

• Overview of LoRa (Long Range) protocol and its importance in IoT
• LoRa network architecture and key components

6.2 Reconnaissance

• Techniques for discovering LoRa networks and devices
• Tools and methodologies for network reconnaissance

6.3 Sniffing of Over-the-Air Communication

• Methods for capturing LoRa communication
• Tools for sniffing and analyzing LoRa traffic

6.4 Reverse Engineering of Protocol

• Techniques for reverse engineering LoRa protocols
• Tools and methodologies for protocol analysis

6.5 Replay Attack

• Understanding replay attacks on LoRa networks
• Methods and tools for conducting replay attacks

6.6 Packet Forging Attack

• Techniques for creating and injecting malicious LoRa packets
• Tools and methodologies for packet forging

Module 7
RFID 

7.1 Introduction and Protocol Overview

• Overview of RFID technology and its importance in IoT
• RFID architecture and key components

7.2 Types of RFID and Classes

• Different types of RFID systems (active, passive, semi-passive)
• Classification of RFID tags and readers

7.3 Sniffing of Over-the-Air Communication

• Methods for capturing RFID communication
• Tools for sniffing and analyzing RFID traffic

7.4 Cloning of Cards

• Techniques for cloning RFID cards
• Tools and methodologies for card cloning

7.5 Fuzzing on RFID Readers

• Understanding fuzz testing on RFID readers
• Methods and tools for conducting fuzzing attacks

Module 8
NFC 

8.1 Introduction and Protocol Overview

• Overview of NFC (Near Field Communication) and its importance in IoT
• NFC architecture and key components

8.2 Types of NFC and Classes

• Different types of NFC systems (active, passive)
• Classification of NFC tags and readers

8.3 Sniffing of Over-the-Air Communication

• Methods for capturing NFC communication
• Tools for sniffing and analyzing NFC traffic

8.4 Cloning of NFC Cards

• Techniques for cloning NFC cards
• Tools and methodologies for card cloning

Module 9
GPS 

9.1 Introduction

• Overview of GPS technology and its importance in IoT
• GPS architecture and key components

9.2 Attack Through Rogue GPS

• Understanding rogue GPS attacks
• Methods and tools for conducting rogue GPS attacks

9.3 Modify GPS Coordinates

• Techniques for modifying GPS coordinates
• Tools and methodologies for GPS manipulation

9.4 Manipulating Coordinates Through Relay Attack

• Understanding relay attacks on GPS
• Methods and tools for conducting relay attacks

9.5 GPS Spoofing Attack

• Techniques for spoofing GPS signals
• Tools and methodologies for GPS spoofing

Module 10
Sub-GHz RF 

10.1 Introduction

• Overview of Sub-GHz RF technology and its importance in IoT
• Sub-GHz RF architecture and key components

10.2 Reconnaissance

• Techniques for discovering Sub-GHz RF networks and devices
• Tools and methodologies for network reconnaissance

10.3 Overview of Various Shift Keying

• Understanding different types of shift keying (FSK, ASK, PSK)
• Applications and vulnerabilities of each type

10.4 Reversing of RF

• Techniques for reverse engineering RF protocols
• Tools and methodologies for protocol analysis

10.5 Crafting RF Signals

• Techniques for creating and injecting malicious RF signals
• Tools and methodologies for signal crafting

Module 11
Hardware 

11.1 Basics of Electronics

• Introduction to basic electronic concepts and components
• Understanding voltage, current, resistance, and power

11.2 Understanding Electronic Components

• Overview of common electronic components (resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors)
• Identifying and using electronic components in IoT devices

11.3 PCB Reverse Engineering and Component Identification

• Techniques for reverse engineering printed circuit boards (PCBs)
• Tools and methodologies for identifying components on PCBs

Module 12
I2C 

12.1 Introduction

• Overview of I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol
• Importance of I2C in IoT communication

12.2 I2C Protocol

• Understanding I2C communication model and key components
• Data transfer methods and addressing

12.3 Interfacing with I2C

• Techniques for interfacing with I2C devices
• Tools and methodologies for I2C communication

12.4 Manipulating Data via I2C

• Techniques for manipulating data on I2C bus
• Tools and methodologies for data manipulation

12.5 Sniffing Run-Time I2C Communication

• Methods for capturing I2C communication
• Tools for sniffing and analyzing I2C traffic

Module 13
SPI 

13.1 Introduction

• Overview of SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) protocol
• Importance of SPI in IoT communication

13.2 SPI Protocol

• Understanding SPI communication model and key components
• Data transfer methods and addressing

13.3 Interfacing with SPI

• Techniques for interfacing with SPI devices
• Tools and methodologies for SPI communication

13.4 Manipulating Data via SPI

• Techniques for manipulating data on SPI bus
• Tools and methodologies for data manipulation

13.5 Sniffing Run-Time SPI Communication

• Methods for capturing SPI communication
• Tools for sniffing and analyzing SPI traffic

Module 14
UART

14.1 Introduction

• Overview of UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) protocol
• Importance of UART in IoT communication

14.2 Identifying UART

• Techniques for identifying UART interfaces
• Tools and methodologies for UART identification (automated and manual)

14.3 Debugging Over UART

• Methods for debugging IoT devices via UART
• Tools and methodologies for UART debugging

Module 15
JTAG/SWD

15.1 Introduction

• Overview of JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) and SWD (Serial Wire Debug) protocols
• Importance of JTAG/SWD in IoT communication and debugging

15.2 Identifying JTAG/SWD

• Techniques for identifying JTAG/SWD interfaces
• Tools and methodologies for JTAG/SWD identification (automated and manual)

15.3 Debugging Over JTAG/SWD

• Methods for debugging IoT devices via JTAG/SWD
• Tools and methodologies for JTAG/SWD debugging

15.4 Dumping Data and Manipulating Memory Address and Data

• Techniques for data extraction and memory manipulation via JTAG/SWD
• Tools and methodologies for memory analysis and modification

Module 16
Firmware Reversing 

16.1 Identifying Compression and Types

• Techniques for identifying firmware compression methods and formats
• Tools and methodologies for firmware extraction

16.2 Firmware Analysis

• Understanding firmware structure and components
• Techniques for static and dynamic firmware analysis

16.3 Simulating Firmware

• Methods for simulating firmware in virtual environments
• Tools and methodologies for firmware simulation

Module 17
ARM

17.1 Architecture

• Overview of ARM architecture and its importance in IoT
• Key components and design principles of ARM processors

17.2 Instruction Set

• Understanding ARM instruction set and assembly language
• Techniques for writing and analyzing ARM assembly code

17.3 Procedure Call Convention

• Understanding ARM procedure call conventions
• Techniques for function calling and parameter passing in ARM

17.4 System Call Convention

• Understanding ARM system call conventions
• Techniques for interacting with operating systems in ARM

17.5 Reversing Techniques

• Techniques for reverse engineering ARM-based firmware and applications
• Tools and methodologies for ARM reverse engineering

17.6 Buffer Overflow Attacks

• Understanding buffer overflow vulnerabilities in ARM systems
• Techniques and tools for exploiting buffer overflow vulnerabilities